Most of the initial production of ceramic grinding wheel, ceramic bonded grinding wheel has the advantage of its natural porous and chemical stabilityQualitative,Which is suitable for dry grinding and wet grinding,Especially when water-based and oil-based grinding fluids are used.but,Ceramic wheel of the poor flexibility,And requires a high sintering temperature,Limiting its development.
Phenolic resinMixture wheel has a good elasticity,On the shock,Impact,Lateral pressure sensitivity of the small advantages.Its high stability makes it Able to adapt to higher speed and improve the grinding performance,Which is particularly suitable for grinding wheel and cutting wheel,it Of the good flexibility to make it suitable for ultra-precision grinding and surface polishing.
Phenolic resin-bonded grinding wheel production process are mainly cold-pressing process, semi-hot pressing process and hot pressing process three

Species.
1.Cold pressing process:
Cold bonding process using binder and wetting agent powder, usually used as a wetting agent with liquid phenolic
Resin, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, cresol, etc., with the most liquid phenolic resin. Determine the liquid resin and
The ratio of powdered resin used (usually called Liquid powder ratio) Of the factors are: abrasive particle size distribution, filler type,The filler content, the viscosity of the liquid resin, the nature of the powdered resin, and the like. If the viscosity of the liquid resin is larger,Completely coated abrasive surface on the need for more liquid resin; abrasive and filler particle size, the smaller the table The larger the area, the greater the amount of liquid; the higher the molecular weight of the powder resin, the lower the free phenol,Its adhesion with the liquid resin is worse, the more the amount of liquid required. Above several situations need to mention High liquid powder ratio. Liquid resin is generally used as a wetting agent,Liquid powder than the selection1:2-1:4, And with furfural or Furfuryl alcohol and anthracene oil as a wetting agent mixture, liquid powder than the selection1:6-1:8. Mixing machine to go through the process To achieve the desired mixing effect without damaging the abrasive. When adding the mixture of fine powder
Between the general2-5Minute, too short can not guarantee mixing evenly, too long resin film easy to fall off, and lead Caused by material temperature rise, the resin to cure.
The mixing procedure is as follows:
First, the abrasive, usually mixed particle size, pre-mixed, then add wetting agent, uniform wetting abrasive,

The powdery resin which had been mixed with other powdery fillers was further added and the mixture was further mixed until homogeneous. Mixed good grinding

Material should have good plasticity and mobility, the material can not be too wet, or easy to agglomerate, but can not have powder

Group, while ensuring a good liquidity, in order to ensure adequate injection, the general method used to remove the sieve

Piece. Good or bad way to determine the plasticity of materials is: grasping a good mix of materials, gently pinch it by hand

Into a group better.



The general will be good to join the powdery material in the wet abrasive in the formation of easy dough, has gradually been eliminated, now

In the use of more double-pot mixture method is the first abrasive and wetting agent in a mixer in the mix,

While another mixer will be powdered resin and other powder filler mix, and then a good wetting abrasive

Into the powder, the mixture can be uniform. Double-pot mixture of the advantages of both can not produce dough, but also to avoid

Pollution-free, easy to clean material pot.



The mixed material is sieved, that can be used to suppress the.



The pressing procedure is as follows:



The mold is installed, weighing the required amount of abrasive into the mold cavity, flattened after the suppression. Need to be placed

Reinforced fiberglass mesh is placed as required. And then pressurized at room temperature, the general pressure of the cold pressure range15-30N / mm2, Preferably15-25 N / mm2. The choice of pressure depends on the material plasticity

And the density required to achieve the wheel. Should not use too high pressure, otherwise it will crush the abrasive. When pressed

Between the general5-50Sec, preferably5-30Sec, the length of time depends on the wheel to achieve the required density andShape and material plasticity is good or bad. Then you can remove the wheel for the next step- Cured.

First, the wheel type and performance

(A), Overview

Grinding wheel is the most important kind of abrasive grinding. The grinding wheel is a porous body which is prepared by adding binder, grinding, drying and baking. Due to the different abrasives, binders and manufacturing processes, grinding wheel characteristics vary widely, and therefore have a significant impact on the quality of grinding, productivity and economy. The characteristics of the grinding wheel mainly by the abrasive, particle size, binder, hardness, organization, shape and size and other factors.

(B), wheel classification

  Grinding wheel can be divided into ordinary abrasive (corundum (Al2O3) and silicon carbide, etc.) wheel and superhard abrasive (diamond and cubic boron nitride) wheel; according to grinding wheel shape can be divided into flat grinding wheel, Cylindrical grinding wheel, cup-shaped grinding wheel, dish-shaped grinding wheel, etc .; according to the binder can be divided into ceramic grinding wheel, resin grinding wheel, rubber grinding wheel, metal grinding wheel.

CBN grinding wheel in the hole in the application

Internal grinding efficiency has been very low, the main reason is the grinding speed, grinding wheel material and the rigidity of the problem. Production process used in dressing wheel, grinding wheel replacement time accounted for almost a single piece of work time 1/3 to 1/5. If the inner or groove grinding using CBN electroplated grinding wheel, and the wheel speed, increasing the diameter of the grinding rod, can be properly increased workpiece speed and feed rate, not only can guarantee the hole (arc) diameter, groove width size and shape Bit accuracy, surface roughness and avoid burns, but also can be doubled to improve processing efficiency and reduce processing costs.


Such as a domestic factory processing an annual output of 600,000 textile machinery rolling bearing sets, grinding φ15.5 +0.04 the hole and the adjacent arc groove, in the past with chrome corundum (GG) wheel, need to use two processes in two M224 internal grinding machine, the slot (arc) diameter difference and the size and hole concentricity is difficult to ensure, and low efficiency, the use of CBN wheel, the coarse grinding rod, increased feed, saving trim And the replacement of grinding wheel time, completely solve the original problem. And then changed to hole, groove at the same time grinding, that is, in the grinding rod installed two grinding wheel, so that the grinding efficiency increased by 1 times, saving a grinding machine. The surface roughness of the workpiece is Ra0.63μm. The grinding process parameters are as follows: υ = 36m / s, υ2 = 19m / min, f = 1μm / r, f = 0.5μm / r, Time t = bs, with 10% concentration of the emulsion value.

The hardness of the grinding wheel is not the hardness of the abrasive wheel, but the hardness of the combination between the abrasive. Is divided into soft, soft, hard, super-hard several. Each has several levels. Hard abrasive wheel is not easy to fall off, grinding the metal scraps easily bonded to the grinding wheel, resulting in surface burns; soft abrasive wheel easy to fall off, do not burn the workpiece, but the grinding wheel consumption faster.
Grinding wheel in addition to hardness, the organizational structure is divided into tight, in a total of 12 loose, compact structure is not easy to heat.
According to your situation, you can then check the wheel speed is not low? The workpiece speed is not high?
The hardness of the wheel should be its granularity! You can see the coarser the grain size the more rough the wheel, the appearance can be seen! The larger the model number of the grinding wheel, the finer it is used to refine or to throw, the more soft and brittle! Easily damaged.

Grinding machine maintenance

A)Grinder shield, power switch should be intact, reliable;

B)Grinding wheel wheel should be checked without cracks, no loosening;

C)Power cord without damage;

D)Grinding machine shield, the power switch should be clean.

E)Insulation resistance of the power supply into the line, measured with a shake table insulation resistance should be greater than

2MΩ

F)One year of maintenance repair.

2.CBN grinding wheel in the hole in the application

Internal grinding efficiency has been very low, the main reason is the grinding speed, grinding wheel material and the rigidity of the problem. Production process used in dressing wheel, grinding wheel replacement time accounted for almost a single piece of work time 1/3 to 1/5. If the inner or groove grinding using CBN electroplated grinding wheel, and the wheel speed, increasing the diameter of the grinding rod, can be properly increased workpiece speed and feed rate, not only can guarantee the hole (arc) diameter, groove width size and shape Bit accuracy, surface roughness and avoid burns, but also can be doubled to improve processing efficiency and reduce processing costs.


Such as a domestic factory processing an annual output of 600,000 textile machinery rolling bearing sets, grinding φ15.5 +0.04 the hole and the adjacent arc groove, in the past with chrome corundum (GG) wheel, need to use two processes in two M224 internal grinding machine, the slot (arc) diameter difference and the size and hole concentricity is difficult to ensure, and low efficiency, the use of CBN wheel, the coarse grinding rod, increased feed, saving trim And the replacement of grinding wheel time, completely solve the original problem. And then changed to hole, groove at the same time grinding, that is, in the grinding rod installed two grinding wheel, so that the grinding efficiency increased by 1 times, saving a grinding machine. The surface roughness of the workpiece is Ra0.63μm. The grinding process parameters are as follows: υ = 36m / s, υ2 = 19m / min, f = 1μm / r, f = 0.5μm / r, Time t = bs, with 10% concentration of the emulsion value.


3. Grinding gear with CBN grinding wheel


Gear grinding is a single tooth surface and multi-tooth surface grinding, single tooth surface grinding can obtain high processing accuracy, but low efficiency, high cost, multi-tooth grinding although the production efficiency is high, but its processing The quality is worse than single tooth grinding. If CBN grinding wheel, whether using single tooth surface grinding or multi-tooth grinding, the use of electroplated CBN grinding wheel or ceramic grinding wheel, the effect is extremely significant:


(1) CBN grinding wheel can be made into high-precision tooth profile, because of high durability, not frequent dressing, do not often adjust the machine, access to a stable tooth gallery, lead and pitch accuracy.


(2) can achieve high-speed grinding and high feed rate grinding tooth surface, low roughness and will not burn, can improve the grinding efficiency under the conditions of high gear accuracy (6 to 7).


(3) The CBN grinding wheel has long service life, good grinding performance, saving a lot of auxiliary time such as grinding wheel replacement, machine adjustment and workpiece inspection.

Special-use Grinding wheel

Special-use Grinding wheel stone for thin-cutter slitter-scorer machine in corrugated carton production line include special wheels for hard-alloy blade, high-speed steel blade and Grinding wheels for blades in miscellaneous materials. 

Import of excellent materials, unique formula and advanced technologies have been adopted in “Yinglong” Grinding-stone. Senior engineers strictly control the overall production process and ensure the qualities of products. 

Featuring sharp blade and well wear resistance, our products have been proved to reach the international advanced level. We have experienced and skillful technicians who ensure that both size and specification of every Juchuang wheel can meet the international standard.

0 Introduction

Superhard abrasives made from diamond or cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasives have been widely used in all areas of grinding due to
their excellent grinding properties.


Diamond grinding wheel grinding cemented carbide, glass, ceramics, precious stones and other high-hard and brittle materials effects
tool. In recent years, with the rapid development of high-speed grinding ultra-precision grinding technology, a higher demand on the
wheel, metal bond wheel because of its combination of high strength, good shape, long service life and other significant features
and production has been widely application.


Metal bonded diamond wheel according to the different manufacturing methods are mainly sintering, electroplating two types. In order
to give full play to the role of superhard abrasive, foreign from the early 1990s began to use high-temperature brazing process
development of a new type of grinding wheel, that is, single-layer high temperature brazing superhard abrasive wheel.


1, sintered type diamond grinding wheel

Sintered metal bond grinding wheel is made of bronze and other metal as bonding agent. It is made by high temperature sintering

method. It has high bonding strength, good formability, high temperature resistance, good thermal conductivity and long service life

and can bear heavy load. As the grinding wheel sintering process inevitably exist shrinkage and deformation, so the wheel must be

used before shaping, but the wheel dressing more difficult. At present, the conventional grinding wheel shaping method is not only

time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also the dressing process of diamond particles fall off more, dressing the wheel itself is

very expensive, plastic precision is low.


In recent years, scholars have carried out the application of special processing methods of dressing metal bond diamond wheel

research work, mainly electrolysis dressing method, EDM dressing compound dressing method. Electrolysis dressing method is fast, but

the precision is not high; EDM dressing high precision, both plastic surgery can repair sharp, but the slower shaping; complex

dressing method of electrolytic spark compound dressing method, mechanochemical composite dressing method So the dressing effect is

better, but the system is more complex, so the sintering of diamond wheel dressing problem is still not well resolved.


In addition, because the grinding wheel manufacturing process determines the surface morphology of the random, each grain geometry,
distribution and cutting edge height is inconsistent, so only a small number of high-cutting edge cutting to the workpiece, limiting
grinding quality grinding Efficiency is further improved.

2.CBN grinding wheel in the hole in the application　Internal grinding efficiency

has been very low, the main reason is the grinding speed, grinding wheel

material and the rigidity of the problem.Production process used in dressing

wheel, grinding wheel replacement time accounted for almost a single piece of

work time1/3 to 1/5.If the inner or groove grinding using CBN electroplated

grinding wheel, and the wheel speed, increasing the diameter of the grinding

rod,can be properly increased workpiece speed and feed rate, not only can 

guarantee the hole (arc) diameter, groove width size and shape Bit accuracy,

surface roughness and avoid burns, but also can be doubled to improve processing

 efficiency and reduce processing costs.Such as a domestic factory processing

an annual output of 600,000 textile machinery rolling bearing sets, grinding

φ15.5 +0.04 the hole and the adjacent arc groove, in the past with chrome

corundum (GG) wheel, need to use two processes in two M224 internal grinding

machine, the slot (arc) diameter difference and the size and hole concentricity

is difficult to ensure, and low efficiency, the use of CBN wheel, the coarse

grinding rod, increased feed, saving trim And then changed to hole, groove at the

 same time grinding, that is, in the grinding rod installed two grinding wheel,

 so that the grinding efficiency increased by 1 times, saving a grinding

machine.The surface roughness of the workpiece is Ra0.63μm. The grinding process
parameters are as follows: υ = 36m / s, υ2 = 19m / min, f = 1μm / r, f = 

0.5μm / r,Time t = bs, with 10% concentration of the emulsion value.

Precautions for using of grinding wheel

1, start the wheel must be 4060 seconds after the stability of speed grinding, grinding tools should stand on the side of the wheel, not on the wheel to prevent grinding wheel broken broken flying out of wounding.

2, the same piece of grinding wheel, the prohibition of two people at the same time, not allowed in the grinding wheel side grinding, grinding, the operator should stand on the side of the wheel, do not stand in front of the wheel to prevent grinding wheel crack, Occurrence of accidents, while not allowed to wear gloves operation, prohibited around the reactor operation and in the grinding laugh and slapstick.

3, grinding the standing position should be in an angle with the wheel, and the contact pressure should be uniform, non-impact grinding wheel, so as not to fragment, the grinding wheel is limited to grinding tools, not grinding heavy materials or thin iron plate and soft materials Aluminum, copper, etc.) and wood products.

4, grinding edge, the operator should stand on the side of the wheel or inclined side position, do not stand on the front wheel, while the tool should be slightly higher than the wheel center position. Not too much force to prevent slippage injury hand.

5, the wheel is not allowed to touch the water, we should always keep dry to prevent water loss after the balance, an accident.

6, does not allow grinding wheel in the larger long objects, to prevent the shattered grinding wheel flying wounding.

7, not a single hand holding the workpiece for grinding, to prevent falling off in the protective cover card broken wheel.

Electroplating diamond wheel Advantages:

① electroplating process is simple, less investment, easy to manufacture;

② no need to repair, easy to use;

③ single-layer structure determines that it can reach a high working speed, now abroad has been as high as 250 ~ 300m / s;

④ Although only a single layer of diamond, but still have enough life;

⑤ high precision wheel for the wheel, the only plating manufacturing methods.Electroplated diamond grinding wheelElectroplated diamond grinding wheelBecause of these advantages, electroplating wheel high-speed, ultra-high-speed grinding occupy the undisputed dominant position.

 Electroplating diamond wheel defects: the coating metal and the substrate and the abrasive surface does not exist on the combination of solid chemical metallurgy, abrasive in fact only mechanical embedded embedded plating metal, which control force is small, heavy diamond particles, high efficiency grinding easy to fall off (Or the coating into a flake) resulting in the overall failure; to increase the holding force on the coating thickness must be increased, the result of abrasive particles exposed to a high degree of space debris, grinding wheel prone to blockage, poor heat dissipation, the workpiece surface prone to burns. At present, the domestic electroplating wheel manufacturing has not yet been optimized according to the processing requirements of the optimal design of the grinding wheel topography, single-layer electroplating diamond wheel of these inherent disadvantages will inevitably greatly limit its efficient grinding applications.

Electroplating diamond wheel Advantages:① electroplating process is simple, less investment, easy to manufacture;② no need to repair, easy to use;③ single-layer structure determines that it can reach a high working speed, now abroad has been as high as 250 ~ 300m / s; ">④ Although only a single layer of diamond, but still have enough life;⑤ high precision wheel for the wheel, the only plating manufacturing methods.Electroplated diamond grinding wheelElectroplated diamond grinding wheelBecause of these advantages, electroplating wheel high-speed, ultra-high-speed grinding occupy the undisputed dominant position. Electroplating diamond wheel defects: the coating metal and the substrate and the abrasive surface does not exist on the combination of solid chemical metallurgy, abrasive in fact only mechanical embedded embedded plating metal, which control force is small, heavy diamond particles, high efficiency grinding easy to fall off (Or the coating into a flake) resulting in the overall failure; to increase the holding force on the coating thickness must be increased, the result of abrasive particles exposed to a high degree of space debris, grinding wheel prone to blockage, poor heat dissipation, the workpiece surface prone to burns. At present, the domestic electroplating wheel manufacturing has not yet been optimized according to the processing requirements of the optimal design of the grinding wheel topography, single-layer electroplating diamond wheel of these inherent disadvantages will inevitably greatly limit its efficient grinding applications.

Electroplating diamond wheel Advantages:① electroplating process is simple, less investment, easy to manufacture;② no need to repair, easy to use;③ single-layer structure determines that it can reach a high working speed, now abroad has been as high as 250 ~ 300m / s; ">④ Although only a single layer of diamond, but still have enough life;⑤ high precision wheel for the wheel, the only plating manufacturing methods.Electroplated diamond grinding wheelElectroplated diamond grinding wheelBecause of these advantages, electroplating wheel high-speed, ultra-high-speed grinding occupy the undisputed dominant position. Electroplating diamond wheel defects: the coating metal and the substrate and the abrasive surface does not exist on the combination of solid chemical metallurgy, abrasive in fact only mechanical embedded embedded plating metal, which control force is small, heavy diamond particles, high efficiency grinding easy to fall off (Or the coating into a flake) resulting in the overall failure; to increase the holding force on the coating thickness must be increased, the result of abrasive particles exposed to a high degree of space debris, grinding wheel prone to blockage, poor heat dissipation, the workpiece surface prone to burns. At present, the domestic electroplating wheel manufacturing has not yet been optimized according to the processing requirements of the optimal design of the grinding wheel topography, single-layer electroplating diamond wheel of these inherent disadvantages will inevitably greatly limit its efficient grinding applications.

Grinding Wheel Introduction

Grinding Wheel consists of three parts: abrasive, binder (binder), pore

1, abrasive: grinding wheel is the main grinding part, with sharp edges and corners, that is, a small cutting edge to cut the workpiece, the abrasive is often a very hard material, usually compounds, such as silicon carbide (chemical composition is silicon carbide) , Corundum (chemical composition is aluminum oxide), diamond, the most common is the emery wheel and corundum wheel.

 

2, Binder: According to different use of the wheel are ceramic, resin, rubber, metal, etc., its main role is to bond abrasive together to form a certain shape of the wheel.

3, Porosity: Porosity is also a major part of the wheel, the purpose of the pores is to reduce the bonding strength of the binder, storage grinding grinding down the steel scrap, when a small part of the sharp abrasive abrasive, it will lead to the combination of pores The intensity decreased and peeling, exposing new sharp abrasive, conducive to further grinding.

The basic knowledge of diamond grinding wheelDiamond abrasive as raw material, respectively, with metal powder, resin powder, ceramic and electroplating metal as a binding agent, made of a circular hole in the center of the consolidated diamond grinding wheel known as.Their subjectsMechanical Engineering (a subject);Abrasives (two subjects);Grinding wheel (three subjects)structureDiamond wheel structure generally by the working layer, matrix, the transition layer of three parts.Working layer, also known as diamond layer, by the abrasive, binder and filler composition, is the working part of the wheel. Transition layer, also known as non-diamond layer, by the binder, metal powder and filler composition, the diamond layer is firmly connected to the substrate on the part.A base for receiving the abrasive layer, and, in use, firmly retained by the flange on the spindle of the grinding machine. General metal bonding agent products selected steel, alloy steel powder for the matrix; resin bonding agent used aluminum, bakelite as the matrix. From aluminum, steel or bakelite processing, starting from the support layer and the role of loading card abrasive. The quality of grinding wheel quality and use of high and low accuracy and the matrix has a great relationship.characteristicDiamond grinding wheel characteristics include the type of diamond abrasive, particle size, concentration, binder and shape and size.useAs the characteristics of diamond abrasives (high hardness, high compressive strength, good wear resistance), so that the grinding wheel in the grinding of hard and brittle materials and hard to become an ideal tool, not only high efficiency, accuracy High, and good roughness, abrasive consumption, long service life, but also improve the working conditions. Therefore, it is widely used in hard and brittle materials with low iron content, such as hard alloy, high alumina porcelain, optical glass, agate gemstone, semiconducting material and stone.classificationDiamond grinding wheel according to the binder can be divided into: resin-bonded diamond wheel; ceramic bond diamond wheel; metal bond diamond wheel (bronze bonded diamond wheel)Diamond grinding wheel can be divided according to the production process: sintered diamond grinding wheel (resin bonded diamond wheel; ceramic bonded diamond wheel; metal bonded diamond wheel); electroplated diamond grinding wheel; brazing diamond wheel.Diamond grinding wheel can be divided into: grinding diamond diamond wheel; grinding carbide grinding wheel with diamond (diamond knife grinding wheel); diamond grinding wheel with diamond grinding wheel; coreless grinding machine with heartless diamond grinding wheel; grinding ceramic products With diamond grinding wheel; cutting with diamond grinding wheel (also known as diamond cutting disc); diamond saw blade. Diamond wheel according to the appearance or shape can be divided into: parallel grinding wheel; cylindrical grinding wheel; cup-shaped grinding wheel; bowl-shaped wheel; dish wheel; edging grinding wheel;Diamond grinding wheel is used for abrasive machining of hard and brittle materials such as glass, ceramics, ferrite and semiconducting materials, grinding of metal materials, machining of carbide materials, grinding of electrolytic grinding and grinding of diamond bits in grinding centers Heavy cutting, with a good wear resistance, high efficiency, long service life characteristics